When might genetic information be used in health insurance without violating the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act?

The correct answer is based on the premise established by the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA), which specifically seeks to prevent discrimination based on genetic information in health insurance and employment. The act allows for certain exceptions where the use of genetic information is permissible, particularly when informed consent is obtained from the applicant.

When an applicant provides informed consent, they are voluntarily agreeing to the use of their genetic information for a specific purpose, which aligns with the principles of GINA. This consent must be clear, knowing, and given freely, ensuring that the individual understands how their genetic information will be used by the insurer. In this context, informed consent can help facilitate the use of genetic information in a manner that remains compliant with the legislation.

The other scenarios do not fulfill the same criteria for permissible use of genetic information. Family history questionnaires, while potentially useful for gathering information, do not automatically constitute informed consent. Collecting data for statistical purposes can raise privacy issues and does not involve individual consent directly tied to the use of personal genetic information. Lastly, the status of having a pre-existing condition does not permit the use of genetic information unless the individual has provided informed consent, as GINA provisions aim to protect individuals from discrimination based on their genetic history or predis